reading for fun and education

Sixty days ago I received the job offer to start my new job, and was given a small pile of literature for background reading before I started. As a result I started my “1000 words a day” challenge once again, after having had nearly a year off since last I had done that. The challenge is simple: do a little reading in the geologic literature every day, and keep track of how many days in a row you manage before you miss one. If you miss one re-start and begin the count from zero once again. How much is 1000 words? Well, today’s post is 691 words long. It doesn’t take much time to read that many words, but I have found that if I read that many I often keep reading the article until I either reach a natural breaking point or finish the article. Some days I read quite a bit more, others I just barely make the goal (do I actually count the words? No, not any more. And when I did at the beginning of the first time I undertook the challenge I didn’t count all the words, just how many words were in the first line of a paragraph, and how many lines long it was to calculate a rough word count for the paragraph, and then figured out how many paragraphs of that size it would take to reach at least 1000 words. It isn’t the precision that matters, but the consistency of actually reading (and thinking about what you read!) every day.

Since I started this time I have remembered to read every day. This has been easy during the week days since my job begun—the pile of literature I need to read and understand in order to get my knowledge base to where it needs to be for my research project is quite substantial, and growing all of the time as I find references to more and more articles I wish to read. Managing it on the weekends is a bit more of a challenge, but I have managed, so far.

So, what have I read over the past 60 days? I have completed reading six articles that relate directly to the ore deposits in the area near where my project is based (ok, one of those wasn’t a single article, but rather a PhD thesis which was comprised of five different papers, so really I have done 10 articles total on this subject), four articles on the concept of 3D modelling, and one article on geochemistry.

That last one (MacLean 1990)* explains how one can use ratios of immobile elements to calculate what the unaltered composition of a suit of altered rocks must have been. I am gathering from my reading (many of those local papers cite this technique paper) that this is a very useful way to determine what types of rocks were present before the hydrothermal alteration associated with the formation of ore deposits. It works especially well when the precursor rocks are volcanic and changed in composition due to fractionation of the magma. When this is the case one can plot the current compositions on the same diagram as the curve which shows the expected changes in composition due to fractionation, and extrapolate from the trends in the current compositions back to the likely original compositions when the rocks cooled from their magma. The paper mentions that these sorts of calculations are easy to set up in a template in a spreadsheet, and that they will give away such templates upon request. I wonder if that offer is still open two decades after the paper was published, or if people use a different technique to accomplish the same sort of task today. I will have to do a search for papers which cite this one to work my way forward to the modern techniques, if they have changed. What did people do for research before it was possible to easily look up who had cited a particular paper?

*MacLean, W. H. (1990). "Mass change calculations in altered rock series." Mineralium Deposita 25(1): 44-49.

Pictures may be worth 1000 words, but, sometimes, they can get in the way

A strange contradiction just occurred to me. When doing my own research/uni work, I, by far, prefer to spend my time making the graphs and figures, looking at the pretty pictures representing my data graphically and trying to understand what it all means than I do writing it all down in words to share with other people. In marked contrast to this is my approach to reading a paper, where I am happiest letting my eyes flow over the text absorbing the words, and am slightly disgruntled when I have to interrupt my reading to go look at a figure to understand what the text is saying. The further away in the text the figure is, the more I feel the disruption to my reading. Only the best, newest versions of pdf papers, where the figure number is a link that takes one straight to the figure, and then the back arrow takes one back to the exact place in the text are welcome interruptions to the reading, because there is no pause between switching from words to the figure and back to the words again. And I find myself wondering why this is so. Probably because of many, many years of being an avid reading of science fiction and fantasy novels—I am more accustomed, still, to reading *stories* than to reading science. A good story is one wherein the reader forgets that they are reading, but becomes part of the story, and a return to the real world is jarring. Oddly enough, it is rare that a bit of scientific literature is that absorbing for me, but I do still get enough into the flow of the text that leaving it to look at the figures does come across as a distraction. To combat this phenomenon, there are times when I have first looked at the figures, and then read the captions carefully; worked out for myself what is being shown, and tried to draw my own conclusions before I read the text. That way, when the text says “blah, blah, blah as shown in figure 6” I can take half a glance, see which of the figures 6 is, and return to the text without losing track of what the sentence had been discussing. I suspect that this approach, used regularly, would be a good way to avoid ever feeling that “disrupted” feeling.

I also remember being a small child, new to reading, who loved looking at the pictures in my books, and being rather disappointed in the fact that as the books got bigger and started containing more interesting stories they contained fewer and fewer illustrations. I wonder if someone could go back and tell that child that someday she would grow up to show preference to the text, if she would believe them?

What I’ve been reading

A number of my friends have been doing a “50 books in a year” challenge, wherein they try to make time to read 50 books over the course of a calendar year. Not surprisingly, this month they have all been posting their results for the past year.

For all of my life I’ve been an avid reader of science fiction/fantasy books, and whilst I didn’t keep a list, if anyone had told me that I would be limited to reading *only* 50 books in a year, I’d have been traumatized. However, when I started my PhD project I suspected that I’d have to cut back on my reading of fiction in order to make more time for my research. Therefore I started keeping a list of what I read, and how long it took me to read it. The first full year of my PhD project, I read 61 fiction books, and I am quite certain that is less than had been normal for me. The second full year of my PhD project I also read 61 fiction books. The third year I managed only 46, and now that I’m ticking away on the fourth (unfunded) year, I’ve managed 15 fiction books so far, which means that if my rate of reading remains unchanged for the rest of the time period (and I were so unfortunate as to stretch the degree out to four full years, instead of the anticipated 3.75), I would read only 21 fiction books over the course of the year.

How is this possible? How can an avid reader cut so far back on their literary intake and maintain their sanity? The answer is that I’m still reading. I’m just not making much time to read fiction. Some of my reading takes the form of following blogs/livejournal/facebook/myspace to keep track of the doings of old friends, new friends, and friends I’ve not yet met. This tends to be done in short 5-30 minute breaks from working, while I’m sitting at the computer. However, by far most of my reading has been geologic literature. Switching my count from “years enrolled in a PhD Project” to “calendar year” (I started in June of 2005, so my years are about six months out) I have read two geology text books cover to cover (Spear, 1993 Metamorphic phase equilibria and pressure-temperature-time paths, and Spry, 1969 Metamorphic Textures) and 73 abstracts of papers which I either put onto the “to read” list, or, in some cases, decided I didn’t need to read, and 141 papers read in full (or, in a few cases, read closely in part, and skimmed the rest). Here follows the list of the papers I read in full between 1 Jan and 31 Dec 2008. It is an interesting mix of topics, not all of which relate directly to my own research:

Akinin, V. V., Miller, E. L. and Wooden, J. (in press (copy recieved from E. L. Miller August 2008)). Petrology and Geochronology of Crustal Xenoliths from the Bering Strait Region: Linking Deep and Shallow Processes in Extending Continental Crust. to be submitted to GSA book on “Crustal cross-sections from the western North America Cordillera and elsewhere: Implications for tectonic and petrologic processes”. R. B. M. a. A. W. Snoke.

Al-Wardi, M. and Butler, R. W. H. (2007). "Constrictional extensional tectonics in the northern Oman mountains, its role in culmination development and the exhumation of the subducted Arabian continental margin." Geological Society Special Publication: 187-202.

Berry, R. F. and Crawford, A. J. (1988). "The tectonic significance of Cambrian allochthonous mafic-ultramafic complexes in Tasmania." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 35(4): 523-533.

Berry, R. F. and Gray, D. R. (2001). The Structure of the Coastal Section from Goat Island to Ulverstone, Northwestern Tasmania. Specialist Group in Tectonics and Structural Geology Field Guide 10, University of Tasmania.

Berry, R. F., Jenner, G. A., Meffre, S. and Tubrett, M. N. (2001). "A North American provenance for Neoproterozoic to Cambrian sandstones in Tasmania?" Earth and Planetary Science Letters 192(2): 207-222.

Berry, R. F., Steele, D. A. and Holm, O. H. (2005). "Chemical U-Th-Pb monazite dating and the Proterozoic history of King Island, southeast Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52(3): 461-471.

Berry, R. F., Steele, D. A. and Meffre, S. (in press 2008). "Proterozoic metamorphism in Tasmania: Implications for tectonic reconstructions." Precambrian Research.

Bhattacharya, A., Mohanty, L., Maji, A., Sen, S. K. and Raith, M. (1992). "Non-ideal mixing in the phlogopite-annite binary: constraints from experimental data on Mg-Fe partitioning and a reformulation of the biotite-garnet geothermometer." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 111(1): 87-93.

Black, L. P., Oversby, B. S., Bain, J. H. C., Withnall, I. W. and Gregory, P. (2005). "U-Pb zircon ages from leucogneiss in the Etheridge Group and their significance for the early history of the Georgetown region, north Queensland." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52(3): 385-401.

Black, L. P., Seymour, D. B., Corbett, K. D., Cox, S. E., Streit, J. E., Bottrill, R. S., Calver, C. R., Everard, J. L., Green, G. R., McClenaghan, M. P., Pemberton, J., Taheri, J. and Turner, N. J. (1997). Dating Tasmania's Oldest Geological Events. Mineral Resources Tasmania, Australian Geological Survey Organisation. 1997/15 57 pp

Boger, S. D. and Miller , J. A. (2004). "Terminal suturing of Gondwana and the onset of the Ross-Delamerian Orogeny: The cause and effect of an Early Cambrian reconfiguration of plate motions." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 219(1-2): 35-48.

Bousquet, R., El Mamoun, R., Saddiqi, O., Goffe, B., Möller, A. and Madi, A. (2008). "Mélanges and ophiolites during the Pan-African orogeny: The case of the Bou-Azzer ophiolite suite (Morocco)." Geological Society Special Publication(297): 233-247.

Caddick, M. J. and Thompson, A. B. (2008). "Quantifying the tectono-metamorphic evolution of pelitic rocks from a wide range of tectonic settings: Mineral compositions in equilibrium." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 156(2): 177-195.

Calligaro, T. (2008). "PIXE in the study of archaeological and historical glass." X-Ray Spectrometry 37(2): 169-177.

Calligaro, T., Colinart, S., Poirot, J. P. and Sudres, C. (2002). "Combined external-beam PIXE and ?-Raman characterisation of garnets used in Merovingian jewellery." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 189(1-4): 320-327.

Campana, B. and King, D. (1963). "Palaeozoic tectonism, sedimentation and mineralization in West Tasmania." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 10(1): 1 - 53.

Carlson, W. D. (1989). "The significance of intergranular diffusion to the mechanisms and kinetics of porphyroblast crystallization." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology V103(1): 1-24.

Carlson, W. D. (2006). "Rates of Fe, Mg, Mn, and Ca diffusion in garnet." American Mineralogist 91(1): 1-11.

Cawood, P. A. (2005). "Terra Australis Orogen: Rodinia breakup and development of the Pacific and Iapetus margins of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic " Earth-Science Reviews 69(3-4): 249-279.

Cawood, P. A. and Korsch, R. J. (2008). "Assembling Australia: Proterozoic building of a continent." Precambrian Research 166(1-4): 1-35.

Cayley, R. A., Taylor, D. H., VandenBerg, A. H. M. and Moore, D. H. (2002). "Proterozoic - Early palaeozoic rocks and the Tyennan Orogeny in central Victoria: The Selwyn Block and its tectonic implications." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 49(2): 225-254.

Cheeney, R. F. (2002). "Charles Lapworth’s mylonites." Scottish Journal of Geology 38(1): 1-3.

Cirrincione, R., Ortolano, G., Pezzino, A. and Punturo, R. (2008). "Poly-orogenic multi-stage metamorphic evolution inferred via P-T pseudosections: An example from Aspromonte Massif basement rocks (Southern Calabria, Italy)." Lithos 103(3-4): 466-502.

Clark, C., Schmidt Mumm, A. and Faure, K. (2005). "Timing and nature of fluid flow and alteration during Mesoproterozoic shear zone formation, Olary domain, South Australia." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 23(3): 147-164.

Corbett, K. D., Banks, M. R. and Jago, J. B. (1972). "Plate tectonics and the Lower Palaeozoic of Tasmania." Nature Physical Science 240: 9-11.

Corbett, K. D. and Lees, T. C. (1987). "Stratigraphic and structural relationships and evidence for Cambrian deformation at the western margin of the Mt Read Volcanics, Tasmania." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 34(1): 45 - 67.

Crook, K. A. W. (1980). "Fore-arc evolution in the Tasman Geosyncline: The origin of the southeast Australian continental crust." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 27(1): 215 - 232.

Dahl, P. S., Hamilton, M. A., Jercinovic, M. J., Terry, M. P., Williams, M. L. and Frei, R. (2005). "Comparative isotopic and chemical geochronometry of monazite, with implications for U-Th-Pb dating by electron microprobe: An example from metamorphic rocks of the eastern Wyoming Craton (U.S.A.)." American Mineralogist 90(4): 619-638.

Dasgupta, S., Sengupta, P., Guha, D. and Fukuoka, M. (1991). "A refined garnet - biotite Fe-Mg exchange geothermometer and its application in amphibolites and granulites." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 109(1): 130-137.

Duncan, D. M. (1972). "Reconnaissance Geology of the Frenchmans Cap National Park." The Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 107.

Elliott, C. G., Woodward, N. B. and Gray, D. R. (1993). "Complex regional fault history of the Badger Head region, northern Tasmania." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 40(2): 155 - 168.

Elliston, J. (1954). Regional geological survey - Lorinna. Mineral Resources Tasmania. UR1954_091_107

England, P. C. and Thompson, A. B. (1984). "Pressure-temperature-time paths of regional metamorphism I. Heat transfer during the evolution of regions of thickened continental crust." Journal of Petrology 25(4): 894-928.

Farges, F. (1998). "Mineralogy of the Louvres Merovingian garnet cloisonné jewelry: Origins of the gems of the first kings of France." American Mineralogist 83(3-4): 323-330.

Faryad, S. W. and Chakraborty, S. (2005). "Duration of Eo-Alpine metamorphic events obtained from multicomponent diffusion modeling of garnet: A case study from the Eastern Alps." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 150(3): 306-318.

Fazio, E., Cirrincione, R. and Pezzino, A. (2008). "Estimating P-T conditions of alpine-type metamorphism using multistage garnet in the tectonic windows of the Cardeto area (southern Aspromonte Massif, Calabria)." Mineralogy and Petrology 93(1-2): 111-142.

Feenstra, A., Petrakakis, K. and Rhede, D. (2007). "Variscan relicts in Alpine high- P pelitic rocks from Samos (Greece): Evidence from multi-stage garnet and its included minerals." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 25(9): 1011-1033.

Ferry, J. and Spear, F. S. (1978). "Experimental calibration of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite and garnet." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 66(2): 113-117.

Finger, F. and Krenn, E. (2007). "Three metamorphic monazite generations in a high-pressure rock from the Bohemian Massif and the potentially important role of apatite in stimulating polyphase monazite growth along a PT loop." Lithos 95(1-2): 103-115.

Fioretti, A. M., Black, L. P., Foden, J. and Visonà, D. (2005). "Grenville-age magmatism at the South Tasman Rise (Australia): A new piercing point for the reconstruction of Rodinia." Geology 33(10): 769-772.

Foden, J., Elburg, M. A., Dougherty-Page, J. and Burtt, A. (2006). "The timing and duration of the Delamerian orogeny: Correlation with the Ross Orogen and implications for Gondwana assembly." Journal of Geology 114(2): 189-210.

Foden, J., Song, S. H., Turner, S., Elburg, M., Smith, P. B., Van der, S. and Van Penglis, D. (2002). "Geochemical evolution of lithospheric mantle beneath S.E. South Australia." Chemical Geology 182(2-4): 663-695.

Foster, D. A., Gray, D. R. and Spaggiari, C. (2005). "Timing of subduction and exhumation along the Cambrian East Gondwana margin, and the formation of Paleozoic backarc basins." Geological Society of America Bulletin 117(1): 105-116.

Gaidies, F., Abart, R., De Capitani, C., Schuster, R., Connolly, J. A. D. and Reusser, E. (2006). "Characterization of polymetamorphism in the Austroalpine basement east of the Tauern Window using garnet isopleth thermobarometry." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 24(6): 451-475.

Gaidies, F., de Capitani, C. and Abart, R. (2008). "THERIA_G: a software program to numerically model prograde garnet growth." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 155(5): 657-671.

Gaidies, F., de Capitani, C., Abart, R. and Schuster, R. (2008). "Prograde garnet growth along complex P-T-t paths: results from numerical experiments on polyphase garnet from the Wölz Complex (Austroalpine basement)." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 155(6): 673-688.

Gaidies, F., Krenn, E., De Capitani, C. and Abart, R. (2008). "Coupling forward modelling of garnet growth with monazite geochronology: An application to the Rappold Complex (Austroalpine crystalline basement)." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 26(7): 775-793.

García-Sansegundo, J., Farias, P., Gallastegui, G., Giacosa, R. E. and Heredia, N. (2008). "Structure and metamorphism of the Gondwanan basement in the Bariloche region (North Patagonian Argentine Andes)." International Journal of Earth Sciences check back on this one later--it was still "in press' when I downloaded it: 1-10.

Gibson, H. D., Carr, S. D., Brown, R. L. and Hamilton, M. A. (2004). "Correlations between chemical and age domains in monazite, and metamorphic reactions involving major pelitic phases: An integration of ID-TIMS and SHRIMP geochronology with Y-Th-U X-ray mapping." Chemical Geology 211(3-4): 237-260.

Goodge, J. W., Williams, I. S. and Myrow, P. (2004). "Provenance of Neoproterozoic and lower Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks of the central Ross orogen, Antarctica: Detrital record of rift-, passive-, and active-margin sedimentation." Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 116(9-10): 1253-1279.

Gray, D. R., Miller, J. M. and Gregory, R. T. (2005). "Strain state and kinematic evolution of a fold-nappe beneath the Samail Ophiolite, Oman." Journal of Structural Geology 27(11): 1986-2007.

Green, G. R. (1983). The geological setting and formation of the Rosebery volcanic-hosted massive sulphide orebody, Tasmania. Hobart, University of Tasmania.

Guerra, M. F., Calligaro, T. and Perea, A. (2007). "The treasure of Guarrazar: Tracing the gold supplies in the Visigothic Iberian Peninsula." Archaeometry 49(1): 53-74.

Hannula, K. A., Miller, E. L., Dumitru, T. A., Lee, J. and Rubin, C. M. (1995). "Structural and metamorphic relations in the southwest Seward Peninsula, Alaska: crustal extension and the unroofing of blueschists." Geological Society of America Bulletin 107(5): 536-553.

Harris, D. H. M. (1995). "Caledonian transpressional terrane accretion along the Laurentian margin in Co. Mayo, Ireland." Journal - Geological Society (London) 152(5): 797-806.

Henry, D. J., Guidotti, C. V. and Thomson, J. A. (2005). "The Ti-saturation surface for low-to-medium pressure metapelitic biotites: Implications for geothermometry and Ti-substitution mechanisms." American Mineralogist 90(2-3): 316-328.

Henson, P. (2002). Geology of the Port Sorell Formation. Earth Sciences. Hobart, University of Tasmania.

Hetherington, C. J. and Le Bayon, R. (2005). "Bulk rock composition: A key to identifying invisible prograde reactions in zoned garnet." Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 85(1): 57-67.

Hirsch, D. M. (2008). "Controls on porphyroblast size along a regional metamorphic field gradient." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 155(4): 401-415.

Holdaway, M. J. and Lee, S. M. (1977). "Fe-Mg cordierite stability in high-grade pelitic rocks based on experimental, theoretical, and natural observations." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 63(2): 175-198.

Holdaway, M. J., Mukhopadhyay, B., Dyar, M. D., Guidotti, C. V. and Dutrow, B. L. (1997). "Garnet-biotite geothermometry revised: New Margules parameters and a natural specimen data set from Maine." American Mineralogist 82(5-6): 582-595.

Holland, M., Urai, J. L. and Martel, S. (2006). "The internal structure of fault zones in basaltic sequences." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 248(1-2): 286-300.

Holland, T. and Powell, R. (2000). AX-Activity-Composition Software, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge.

Holm, O. H. and Berry, R. F. (2002). "Structural history of the Arthur Lineament, northwest Tasmania: an analysis of critical outcrops." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 49(2): 167-185.

Hoschek, G. (2004). "Comparison of calculated P-T pseudosections for a kyanite eclogite from the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps, Austria." European Journal of Mineralogy 16(1): 59-72.

Inui, M. (2008). "A thin-section scale original inhomogeneity of bulk rock chemistry inferred from compositional zoning of garnet in the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, central Shikoku, Japan." Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 103(2): 135-140.

Johnson, M. R. W. (1967). "Mylonite Zones and Mylonite Banding." Nature 32(5073): 246-247.

Keid, H. G. W. (1944). Geological report on Port Davey Area. Mineral Resources Tasmania. UR1944_031_33

Krenn, E., Ustaszewski, K. and Finger, F. (2008). "Detrital and newly formed metamorphic monazite in amphibolite-facies metapelites from the Motajica Massif, Bosnia." Chemical Geology 254(3-4): 164-174.

Lapworth, C. (1885). "The Highland Controversy in British Geology: its Causes, Course, and Consequences." Nature 32(832): 588-589.

Li, Z. X., Baillie, P. W. and Powell, C. M. (1997). "Relationship between northwestern Tasmania and East Gondwanaland in the Late Cambrian/Early Ordovician: Paleomagnetic evidence." Tectonics 16(1): 161-171.

Marmo, B. A., Clarke, G. L. and Powell, R. (2002). "Fractionation of bulk rock composition due to porphyroblast growth: Effects on eclogite facies mineral equilibria, Pam Peninsula, New Caledonia." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20(1): 151-165.

Martin, A. J., Gehrels, G. E. and DeCelles, P. G. (2007). "The tectonic significance of (U,Th)/Pb ages of monazite inclusions in garnet from the Himalaya of central Nepal." Chemical Geology 244(1-2): 1-24.

Massonne, H. J. and Sobiech, M. (2007). "Paragonite: Why is it so rare in medium-temperature high-pressure rocks?" International Geology Review 49(4): 301-312.

Mathavan, V. and Bowes, D. R. (2004). "Microstructural features of albite porphyroblasts as indicators of sequential Barrovian metamorphic mineral growth in the Caledonides of the SW Scottish Highlands." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 22(7): 639-651.

Meffre, S., Berry, R. F. and Hall, M. (2000). "Cambrian metamorphic complexes in Tasmania: tectonic implications." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47(6): 971-985.

Meth, C. E. and Carlson, W. D. (2005). "Diffusion-controlled synkinematic growth of garnet from a heterogeneous precursor at Passo del Sole, Switzerland." Canadian Mineralogist 43(1): 157-182.

Miller, E. L., Calvert, A. T. and Little, T. A. (1992). "Strain-collapsed metamorphic isograds in a sillimanite gneiss dome, Seward Peninsula, Alaska." Geology 20(6): 487-490.

Miller, J. M., Gray, D. R. and Gregory, R. T. (2002). "Geometry and significance of internal windows and regional isoclinal folds in Northeast Saih Hatat, Sultanate of Oman." Journal of Structural Geology 24(2): 359-386.

Münker, C. and Crawford, A. J. (2000). "Cambrian arc evolution along the se gondwana active margin: A synthesis from Tasmania-New Zealand-Australia-Antarctica correlations." Tectonics 19(3): 415-432.

Nakamura, D. and Hirajima, T. (2005). "Experimental evaluation of garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometry as applied to eclogites." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology V150(6): 581-588.

Noll, C. A. and Hall, M. (2005). "Great Lyell Fault, western Tasmania: A collage of Middle and Late Cambrian growth faults reactivated during Devonian orogenesis." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52(3): 427-442.

Palmeri, R., Chmielowski, R. M., Sandroni, S., Talarico, F. and Ricci, C. A. (in press). "Petrology of the eclogites from western Tasmania: Insights to the Cambro-Ordovician evolution of the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana." Lithos.

Pan, Y. and Fleet, M. E. (2002). Compositions of the apatite-group minerals: Substitution mechanisms and controlling factors. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry: Phosphates: Geochemical, Geobiological, and Materials Importance. M. J. Kohn, J. Rakovan and J. M. Hughes. Washington, DC, Mineralogical Society of America. 48: 13-49.

Pappalardo, L., Karydas, A. G., Kotzamani, N., Pappalardo, G., Romano, F. P. and Zarkadas, C. (2005). "Complementary use of PIXE-alpha and XRF portable systems for the non-destructive and in situ characterization of gemstones in museums." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 239(1-2): 114-121.

Patel, S. C., Ravi, S., Anilkumar, Y., Naik, A., Thakur, S. S., Pati, J. K. and Nayak, S. S. (2009). "Mafic xenoliths in Proterozoic kimberlites from Eastern Dharwar Craton, India: Mineralogy and P–T regime." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 34: 336-346.

Powell, R. and Holland, T. (1994). "Optimal geothermometry and geobarometry." American Mineralogist 79(1-2): 120-133.

Powell, R. and Holland, T. (2008). "On thermobarometry." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 26(2): 155-179.

Powell, R., Holland, T. and Worley, B. (1998). "Calculating phase diagrams involving solid solutions via non-linear equations, with examples using THERMOCALC." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 16(4): 577-588.

Pyle, J. M. and Spear, F. S. (2003). "Yttrium zoning in garnet: Coupling of major and accessory phases during metamorphic reactions." American Mineralogist 88(4): 708.

Råheim, A. (1977). "Petrology of the Strathgordon Area, Western Tasmania: Si4+-Content of Fengite Mica as Monitor of Metamorphic Grade." Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 25: 329-338.

Råheim, A. and Green, D. H. (1974). "Talc-Garnet-Kaynite-Quartz Schist from and Eclogite-Bearing Terrane, Western Tasmania." Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 43: 223-231.

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